John Booth and Frederick Weyerhaeuser Essay Example for Free

John Booth and Frederick Weyerhaeuser EssayAmerican lumber industry in the 19th century. They are very contrasting characters that appear to have nonhing in common. They are from different parts of the world Booth is Canadian and Weyerhaeuser is German. They did non share the selfsame(prenominal) faith or educational background. Booth was Presbyterian and went to a local county school. Weyerhaeuser was Protestant and went to a Lutheran school till the age of fourteen. oneness might look at them and presume that they were different from each other as night and day. However, when looking at such influential characters, it is unimaginable not to notice their striking similarities. They were brought up on farms and their families did not own much wealth. They were both exposed to work at a young age and possess a knack for line of descent. There may be a common misconception that one must be well-educated or come from a wealthy family or have a defined list of qualities to be a triumphful entrepreneur.Contrary to that belief business activity transcends social class, faith, educational and family background, and the success of an entrepreneur depends on sheer passion and drive. Business leaders are susceptible to the volatility of the business market and make decisions based on their managerial style and personality. In this essay, I will compare the business careers of John R. Booth and Frederick Weyerhaeuser, and illustrate how they became the Kings of the Lumber Industry. With little or no peachy in his hands, John R. Booth ventured out of his hometown.John Booth went to the state of Vermont and found a subscriber line as a carpenter at the aboriginal Vermont Railway where he would help build bridges. He also dabbled in construction work of a paper mill and a axiom mill near Hull. He got his first taste of business at this saw mill since the owner, Andrew Leamy, appointed him as the manager. After Booth left this job he went on to start his own bu siness and thus became an entrepreneur. Booths first business venture was a small machine shop that he bought but it was tragically burned down after 8 months.He next bought a mill and installed two shingle machines but the landlord precious to raise the rent by the end of the year and Booth refused to continue his business there. He then came to Ottawa in 1854 with his wife where he find an unused mill in Chaudiere Island and started his business again. In 1859 he received a contract to supply timber and lumber for the Parliament buildings. This contract was a success and a climatic point in Booths life it provided him with the financial support he needed to widen his business. After his league with Albert W.Soper, an American lumberman, he bought more mills. He began to get a reputation of being a reliable businessman and this helped him get further capital. In 1867 he was able to buy pineries on the Madawaska River with the financial back-up from the Bank of British North Amer ica. In 1879 Booth came to the aid of the Canada Atlantic Railway. This move eased his lumber business in several ways, the major advantage being shipping . Thus the man who once had a capital of $9 in his pocket had now become a multi-millionaire. J. R. Booth was reputable for many things during his cartridge holder.One among them is his managerial style. He was a very hands-on boss and an autocratic leader. Booth unbroken away from political matters that were not pertinent to the industrial side of the economy. There are nuances to Booths character that are not readily perceived when looking upon his rugged personality. He was an autocratic leader but he cared for his workers he paid them their full wages even though there was a strike in July 1910. He had a sort of humility to his personality. He did not consider himself superior and would prefer to supervise the workers rather than stay in the office.He was not fond of public attention and refused to attend his granddaughters wedding to Prince Erik, the Danish prince. Despite J. R. Booths discreet personality he still received the highest regard in the society. The former prime minister, Arthur Meighen, had said that Booths quiet generosity, and his sincerity made him an outstanding gentleman among his fellows. In contrast to John R. Booth, we now look at the work and personality of Frederick Weyerhaeuser respectively. Weyerhaeuser had been 18 when he moved to America from Germany in 1852. He settled in Erie County, Pennsylvania after he landed in America with his mother and sister.He got his first job at a brewery and then later at a farm. He moved to the Rocky Island where he got the job of night fireman at a sawmill. He got his first breakthrough here when he was appointed the position of manager when the owners opened a new lumber yard. In 1860, Weyerhaeuser formed a partnership with his wifes brother-in-law, Frank C. A. Denkmann. Weyerhaeuser acquired a sawmill situated on land along the Mississipp i River. Weyerhaeuser and his partner took on sixteen other partners to form the Mississippi River Logging Company and by 1870 he was elected president of this company.Weyerhaeuser saw the prospect of lumber companies in the West and opened the Weyerhaeuser Timber Company which had its headquarters in Tacoma, Washington. Weyerhaeuser had more of a participative managerial style and his business prospered through his many partnerships with his fellow businessmen. He was head of the Weyerhaeuser Syndicate, which had a hundred fellow wealthy businessmen dealing in timber. Weyerhaeuser had a keen sense of business and acquired businesses which he thought had potential. He gained the trust of his fellow partners and along with that the financial support that he needed.However, Weyerhaeuser made out-and-out(a) business purchases which were not always supported. He bought vast amounts of land from the Northern Pacific Railway. This was seen as a risky investment at a time when the market was unpredictable and dwindling. This risky move became a success, surprisingly, and it is estimated that by the time Weyerhaeuser passed away he had $30,000,000 in his possession. Weyerhaeuser prided himself on being one of the few adept businessmen there was. He taught his sons the same values he held. Weyerhaeuser had lost his father at a young age and always took after his family members from a young age.From this grew a seed of a paternalistic leader who preferred to work with others instead of ruling over them. His work was his only focus in life and he did not stray into politics or desire public attention. Influential pioneers like John Rudolphus Booth and Frederic Weyerhaeuser amassed their wealth around the same point in history. They had a different manner of approaching their work and with people at work. Both were not born to luxury but a life of toilsomeship. Perhaps that has made all the difference in their ambition and perseverance in business endeavours.They are e xemplary of the lifetime achievement that hard work can culminate to. A strong work ethic and clear vision defy the rules of boundaries set by poverty or family background. At a time when the wealthy were at the top of the social ladder and owned most of the businesses and financial assets, two aspirational men who had grown up on farms defied all the preconceptions of society. They had the perfect outlet business. Business cannot be shaped by a single factor. It has the power to make a pauper out of a privileged man, and a rich man a pauper. One very mportant lesson can be learnt in the study of the Lumber Kings One can become a king by ones actions as much as by ones lineage.

Career plan reflection Essay Example for Free

Career plan reflection EssayLooking back over the five weeks of this course I smile. It was encouraging, fun, and needful a lot of critical thinking. Learning how to send a message and receive one was a very important step toward my business career.It seems as though listening is an easy thing to do, but after this course, I realize it takes skills. Considering the feeling of a speaker and giving them uninterrupted attention was something never considered as significant. Everyone is guilty at some point in believing they can multi-task while another person is speaking. How rude we have been.The career structure activities were helpful as well. Learning about our strengths and weaknesses gives us an opportunity to improve as a person. This course was helpful in improving in areas of strategizing, organizing, innovating and around important, entrepreneurial thinking. Without this course my goal center would not be on my mind as a higher education is developed. Having a career focus was thought to be further down the road.Little did I know, it starts now, and it starts within. Inasmuch, the communication of verbal and visual support was insightful. Having the right instructor, especially from the business field was a great asset to this course. Knowledge from the text book chapters was also informative. The chapters printed each week for study will be reviewed beyond this course. It gives good literature on the business audience. Most of the knowledge learned in this course will be used in communicating with friends, family, and people on the job.Debating and presentations will serve easy because of the information from the text in knowing the audience. In the classroom the small debates and student inputs in our class discussions were exciting. Furthermore, the research on our debate account helped to look for creditable sources that made our team paper more believable.This was our first debate and every moment of the fifth week was as enjoyable as the first four weeks. This course makes me look forward to the future courses of business and I hope they are as interesting as the instructor.

Explication Of Jacques Derridas Signature Event Context English Language Essay

Explication Of Jacques Derridas Signature Event Con textual matter English Language adjudicateDerridas essay Signature Event Context was first delivered in the form of a intercommunicate conference paper in Montreal in 1971 on the melodic theme of Communication, and published initially as an essay as part of the conference Proceedings. The context of Derridas essay is relevant in relation to the theme of the paper itself. In its initial form, a spoken essay preformed or produced in the French language, the essay (now in its create verbally English form), discusses the importance and differences of context in some(prenominal) the compose language and in speech.1The essay was hence published in 1988 in Graffs collection Limited Inc., which highlighted the differences between Anglo-American and European-Continental towards the theoretical debate on literary analysis.2The historical context of the essay is relevant to the themes of original meaning and context which ar discussed within the essay. Derrida discusses the distinction between the nature of truth and language, and he presents arguments on the privileging of spoken boys, which is deemed as being closer to the speaker and thereby the mean meaning whereas written language are given a secondary locating and the meaning is derived by the understanding of the hearer.Derrida examines the meaning of context, and then the significance of context in relation to other pointors surrounding a text, such as emergences, discourses and spot. He argues that these issues all factor into the meaning of the text as it is produced by the generator or speaker, and then understood by the listener or geter.Derrida begins the essay in a discussion on the nature and definition of Communication, when Derrida statesone must(prenominal) first of all ask oneself whether or non the word or mannequin communion communicates a determinate content, an identifi adequate meaning, or a describable value. (Derrida 1).The word or signifier chat occurs twice, in the marked form communication, and again as the verb form communicates. For the proofreader the use of the word in this way signifies a question which must be explored in the text of the essay. For Derrida this is a rhetorical question. As readers and as a generator approaching the text, if the word communication had a definite or indisputable meaning, there would be no take up for a discussion or essay on the subject. This is typical of Derridas stylistic approach in the rhetorical questioning which occurs through come out the text of the essay.The essay is then coordinate into three sections discussing the factors mentioned in the title Signature Event Context, and Derrida uses examples from other theorists in order to present his arguments for each element. In the first section on Writing and Communication Derrida looks at the arguments of Condillacs essay3because it contains an explicit reflection on the origin and function of the w ritten textwhich organizes itself here within a philosophic discourse that, in this case and throughout ism, presupposes the simplicity of the origin, the continuity of all bloodline, of all production, of all analysis, and the homogeneity of all dimensions orders. (Derrida 4)In using Condillac Derrida is presenting the philosophical ideas on theories of opus from a classical theoretical perspective, whereby committal to writing is taken as presenting the original ideas of the writer and all contributing factors to the writing such as origin, production, derivation and analysis and essentially equal in nature and quality. There is then no hierarchical system to the elements which form writing, and all contributing factors producing a text, are equal in their importance and relevance to the formation and understanding of the text. Derrida suggests that Condillacs ideas on writing mean thatthe birth and progress of writing will follow in a line that is direct, simple, and conti nuouswriting will never have the slightest burden on either the structure or the contents of the meaning (the ideas) that it is alleged(a) to transmit vehicular. (Derrida 4)Here Derrida presents Condillacs analysis, whereby if writing is taken as a higher medium of communication than spoken language, the origin and progression of the writing remains an dictatorial which is uncomplicated and incorruptible this therefore meat that the written form is also constant in its meaning, and for the understanding of the reader.Derrida takes issue with the nonion of an absolute meaning of the written later in his essay, and instead suggests that the exactly absolute in writing is the idea of absence. For Condillac, all writing de nones an absence. There is firstly theabsence of the addressee. One writes in order to communicate something to those who are absent. The absence of the receiver destinateur, from the mark that he abandons, and which cuts itself off from him and continues to p roduce effects indep shutdownently of his posture and of the present actuality of his intentions vouloir-dire (Derrida 5)The act of writing denotes an absence of the writer (absent at the time of reading), and the absence of the reader (absent at the time of the writing), which means that the writing exists independently of both reader and writer and is to that degree paradoxically linked to a charge. The writer is present in the writing at the time of reading because his/her intentions are do in the words that are written the reader is present at the time of writing because the writer is intending to communicate an idea in his/her writing through the act of writing.The act of writing therefore implies the absence of both reader and writer. The writing is an independent entity which stands on its own merits after it is abandoned by the writer, yet still causes an effect on the reader this effect is also autonomous from the actual intentions of the writer, as the understanding an d interpretation depend on the reader. This brings Derrida to the second absolute in writing, which is the absence of a definitive meaning. As Derrida statesRepresentation regularly supplants supple presenceas a continuous and homogenous reparation and modification of presence in the representation. (Derrida 5)The presence of the writer is therefore denoted in the manner in which the text is received by the reader, whose understanding and interpretation of the text are founded not in the ideas which the writer is nerve-wracking to communicate, but rather in a more practical system of understanding signs. The systematic rules of writing are based on the understanding of the written word this is founded in language systems, which according to Derrida are only understandable because of their familiarity. Although signs give a representation of the idea which itself represented the object perceived (Derrida 6), it is only the familiarity which makes them understandable. Derrida statesM y communication must be repeatable iterable in the absolute absence of the receiverwriting that is not structurally readable iterable beyond the death of the addressee would not be writing. (Derrida 7)The signs (words) must therefore be repeatable and repeated in different circumstances in order to be perceived and understand as to what they are signifying and more importantly for Derrida what they are denoting or connoting. If the purpose of writing is to convey or communicate the writers ideas, the nature of language and words are a representation of something which is repeatable, no matter who the reader (or writer). Whereby writing is initially a means of communication, the actual physical marks and the meaning must have iterability, citability or citationality. All writing can be copied, or must be copyable in order to be classified as writing therefore it must be open to both iteration and reiteration.For Derrida signs or writing, are essentially infinite in their iterabil ity, in any capacity whether epistemic, grammatical or semiological thus lies the distinction between written and oral communication (Derrida 9). Derrida also states that in the classical concept of writing, writing simultaneously carries with it a force that breaks with its context (Derrida 9).Derrida goes on to present an analysis of spoken language/signs from Husserl.4Again the iterability of spoken language is essential to the understanding of what is signified, denoted and understood by the listener, because language operates within asystem of rules of universal grammar, not from a linguistic point of view but from a logical and epistemological one. (Derrida 12).This means one must be able to make certain other cultural, social and epistemological references which are understood, and thereby enable an understanding of words or spoken language. Derrida once again opens up his discussion of writing into a wider analysis of language, communication and cultural relevance. For Derri da the significance lies in that understanding is thereby taken in a context find by a will to know (Derrida 12). The understanding of language and words, whether spoken or written lie in the wider context in which they are read or heard, rather a specific literal context of semantic meaning.This leads to the second section of the essay where Derrida discusses the notion of truth in language, through an mental testing of the event. Derridas analysis centres on criticism of capital of Texass5ideas of communication in speechspeech acts only as acts of communication.Communicating a force through the impetus impulsion of a mark the performative does not have its referent outside of itself or any event, before and in front of itself. (Derrida 13)Derrida suggests here that John Austins ordinary language philosophy is in fact determined and restrictive, working only within a framework of definitively absolute unordinary exclusion as Austin suggests that the performative nature of languag e takes condition in communication. Austin analyses all utterances as performative, yet excludes performative speech acts which are quoted, which Derrida finds essentially problematic. This approach is limiting and restrictive, by focussing primarily on analysing the perlocution and illocution, Austin is forced tofree the analysis of the performative from the authority of the truth value, from the true/false inverse (Derrida 13).If language or words take on a performative dimension, this means that the utterances of the words will be placed within a situation (or context) which is independent of either the true essential meaning, or any false interpretation, of the intended meaning. The problem for Derrida is that the meaning of the words are essentially subordinated to the actual utterance or event of the speech, and/or the context within which they are uttered which in turn produces an event in the meaning as it is understood by the listener.Derridas criticism of Austin also rai ses questions as to the totalising element of context whereby there is wildness on theconscious presence of the intention of the speaking subject in the totality of his speech act (Derrida 14)In the event of the speech act the presence of the speaker places an importance and foregrounding to the intention of the speaker if the intention of the speaker is prominent in the speech act, then it must follow that the understanding of the receiver/listener becomes secondary. This leads to the inevitability thatperformative communication becomes once more the communication of an intentional meaning (Derrida 14)This poses a wider philosophical problem for Derrida in the context of literary or language discourse, as Austin also discusses the criterion of what actually constitutes a successful or failed speech act with elements of correctness and completeness (Derrida 15). This again is restrictive and finite, and goes against Derridas habitual philosophical openness and approach to literary theory.For Derrida there is an inherent possibility in the success of the event which lays in the possibilities of for example the infelicities in the event, and may not in fact be distinguishable from a successful event. For Derrida the chastisement of the event, whether deliberate or accidental, serves a greater purpose. Derrida suggests that the presence or potential of failure is what in fact constitutes the event as an ideal. The scope for error and the negative impact on the event, whilst it may destroy the idealistic approach to the event, in fact serves the paradoxical purpose of making the event ideal by in its very nature in introducing an element of danger to the event. A perfect or ideal event would therefore have an element of danger, which is avoided. Although Austin cites theatrical events, recitations of poetry or literature as examples of felicitous speech events, as Derrida points out there is still scope for mistakes or errors in the utterances.Derrida ends the section on Event by taking an opposing view to Austin, in the similar vein to his opposition to Condillacs views and refers to the itability of the sign in general. Derrida states that speech utterances, or events have an itability. Austins view of the relative purity of performatives (Derrida 18) must be taken notin opposition to citationality or iterability, but in opposition to other kinds of iteration within a general iterability which constitutes a violation of the allegedly rigorous purity of either event of discourse or every speech act. (Derrida 18)Derridas view on the event of the speech act is that there is a background to the iterability or practical repetition of an utterance, which means that each utterance or speech act must be taken in the context in which it is said. This has an inevitable effect on the operation or understanding of the words which are spoken and what they signify. Contrary to Austins view that emphasise understanding of the thing and the notion ( Derrida 18), Derrida stresses that we must also consider that themotivations, indestructible necessity and systematic effects would be subject to analysis (Derrida 18)Here the importance of context is fore grounded in relation to the event and is subject to the akin metaphysical origins (Derrida 18) which Austin appropriates to the event. Derrida concludes by suggesting that in order to understand context, the conscious intentions of the speaker (and receiver) must be definite. However consciousness is not a definite and is open to discussion and discourse. Therefore although utterances may be specific, the specificity is not exclusive to having an opposite or contrary effect on the listener and thus the event is open to further metaphysical debate.In the final section of the essay Derrida focuses on Signature as an indicator and measure of the presence of the writer or author. The signature denotes the writer as the source of the text, or the speaker of an utterance, and they hold the form of regulation for the sign or words which are spoken or written. Derrida illustrates that the possibility and inevitability of repetition and iterability is essential to the signature as with earlier discussions on the nature of signs and language.By its very nature the signature is iterable, as it must be, and is always repeated in order to be recognisable as a signature specific to the author. As Derrida points out although a signature is singular to the author, yet again paradoxically, there is an inevitable plurality to its production in that it is repeated time and again as a sign of the presence of the writer. Derrida refers back to earlier arguments stating thatBy definition, a written signature implies the actual or empirical nonpresence of the signer. (Derrida 20)The signature thereby signifies the absence of the writer, while at the same time denoting the presence of the signer in the past, and can be taken as a substitute for their physical presence it also impl ies the presence of the reader in the future or present.Derrida also rather playfully adds his own signature to the end of the essay, as a performative example of an event. As readers we are made aware that Derrida must have at some point made the signature to the paper, however the printed copy of the signature in front of us is not the original or authentic mark/sign made by Derrida, it is an repeated printed copy of the same. This act highlights key elements of Derridas arguments from the essay, as to the nature of iterability, repetition, absence and context. The communication of Derridas ideas in the preceding essay are somehow signified as more genuine, or sincere because he has placed his signature at the end of the essay and placed a mark/sign of authenticity to the essay. Derridas conclusions to the essay tie in with this idea, in that while language can be philosophised in an ordinary manner, as a means of communicating semantics, there is always an underlying and infinite possibility to other factors such as presence, knowledge, representation, and truth. For Derrida the practice of communication and the spoken word or writing must be inclusive of these elements in order for a text to be understood or communicated in its entirety.Derridas stylistic presence is evident in the title and structure of the essay, in the use of questions, often at times rhetorical, and the proposition of paradoxes. The essay is actually integrated in the reverse order of the title Signature Event Context Context is discussed first in presentation of Condillacs ideas, followed by Austins arguments on the Event, and the essay ends with Derridas thoughts on Signature.6This playing with the order of the elements which Derrida is discussing is somewhat typical of Derridas stylistic and consciously playful approach to writing.At times the language and style is analogous to the spoken word or a speech which again is self-referential to the form of the text, as it was initially a spoken text/utterance. The form and structure of the essay reiterates the ideas and arguments that Derrida presents. The essay is structured in a fairly accessible yet formal manner whereby Derrida at times breaks arguments or ideas down into listed or numbered sections. Although the complexity of the ideas and concepts presented are perchance more complicated than the stylistic form of the written language.Derrida repeats certain points and arguments, by presenting his theories in a manner which reiterates the essence of his arguments, and by repeating the same primordial arguments in a slightly altered form. He uses repetition of the arguments to make the ideas that he is presenting familiar and understandable to the reader, and this is his general approach to the function and understanding of language, signs and words the more familiar we become with words, the easier they are to understand in their true meaning. The meaning lies in the repetition and iterability not only of the words, but also in the concepts and ideas which lie beneath the semantics of the sentences and content of the essay. Derridas arguments are therefore communicated to us as readers when we read and understand the text in the context of the structure of the essay, and experience the text as part of a wider cultural discourse.

A Case Study Of Barclays Bank Ghana Marketing Essay

A Case Study Of Barclays marge Ghana Marketing EssayCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) is a all-encompassingly used and accepted strategy for nurturing a firms relationship with clients and military make prospects. It involves the use of globally accepted technological tools to technically organise and synchronize practice procedures, especially in the atomic number 18a of sales and merchandise and technical reassert. The principal aim of CRM is to search, attract, and bound customers, grow and retain already existing ones and try to move on indorse lost customers as soundly as cut down on be of profession divine service. For any firm to start, grow and remain in business the customer is vital and as such CRM is of separate importance. Business success means that firms must see CRM as an area to invest in it is an investment and not be counted as a cost. However, if CRM is not handled properly it can be costly and detrimental to any firm. On the former(a) hand, i f well applied it volition go a long way to enable any firm retain its clients base and subsequently grow its business.CRM to a really large extent affects the movements rate of customers in any industry, for the purposes of this look into the banking industry give be examined. Attrition rate is hugely dependent on CRM customers in the banking industry have grown in instauration of choice and control. A company therefore ingests to strategise critically in its bid to retain customers. Of blusher importance in CRM is not just smiling faces but nightclub in service delivery or superior product, leading to customer bliss and therefore customer loyalty and retention, which is the pivot of financial functioning (Reichheld et al 2000 Hesket et al 1997, Reichheld, 1994).1.1 GHANAS BANKING INDUSTRY ANALYSISThe Banking industry is highly competitive industry with 26 Banks currently competing for Corporate and Retail Clients. The industry is vastly capitalized with a bring share h obsoleteers fund of over One billion, Eight hundred thousand (GH1,854,648,000), culminating to an norm of over s razety one million of share holders fund per bank (GH71,332,620.00). This whitethorn seem adequate per bank, regarding the upward adjustment of the Stated Capital by Bank of Ghana by 2012. The average share holders fund is however misleading as a number for banks are still struggling to even meet the twenty five million minimum capital requirement by 2010. In reality, it is only just about eight Banks whose capital is meets the lux million needed by 2010. The Regulation to increase the minimum capital requirement of the banks comes on the back of the discovery of Oil in Commercial Quantities. This is required to position the banks strongly to take be able to take up larger transactions. eon only four (SCB, BBG, GCB and EBG) banks control almost 50% of the resume assets held by the banking industry, the other twenty two banks are competing to increase their asset ba se to enable them compete with the larger banks. Profitability in the industry is smooth competitive as only four banks (BBG, FAMB, UTB and BSIC) made losses. The rest of the Banks made profit. With the developing wise oil economy and the resulting expansion in the Ghanaian Economy, Banks are faced with a split opportunity to increase their profitability and consequently, their asset base. They are however faced with loan recovery difficulties resulting in an average of 18% of loans disbursed going bad. The Continual reduction of Inflation to 9.44% and the Policy lending rate of Bank of Ghana, has forced the base lending rate of the Bank Interest range downwards. This however has ignited a price competition in the industry culminating into a debate on whether pas quantify rates should reduce any foster than it has, especially when loans default rate remains high (www.ghanaweb.com,www.bft.com)1.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON BARCLAYS GHANABarclays Bank Ghana is one of the biggest and first foreign banks to assume the Ghanaian economy at a succession in which the three major banks namely Barclays, Standard Chartered and Ghana Commercial Bank and enjoyed oligopolistic positions ahead other banks entered the industry. Barclays has operated in Ghana for ninety four years. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Barclays Bank PLC. Its vision is to become the best bank for either customer, in every branch, for every product and every succession. Barclays Bank of Ghana Limited has an expansive retail and commercial banking net bailiwick in the country with 92 branches and over 130 ATMs in all regional capitals and major towns. Its products and services are targeted particularly at the business and unified, as well as retail customers. Barclays offers a wide range of commercial, Retail and Treasury products and services. It also offers local business banking product and services for Small Medium Enterp come outs and indigenous businesses (http//www.barclays.com/afr ica/ghana/barclays_in.htm). The Bank of Ghana in February, 2010 named Barclays Bank of Ghana Limited the biggest foreign bank and also the largest bank in terms of capacity to handle transactions in Ghana. In June 2009, Barclays launched its Bancassurance proposition in partnership with Enterprise Life Assurance Company Limited (ELAC) to enhance our product range with insurance product such as Term, Family Funeral Plan and Education Plan for the convenience of its customers.The Banks Premier Banking offers tailor made solutions and one-on-one banking to its high net value. The Premier proposition amongst others offers dedicated banking suites, financial planning, lifestyle alliances, global access to Premier lounges (airport) etc. In addition Premier Life, a new service proposition to replace Prestige Banking has been introduced. It is targeted at customers who require convenient banking, quick and efficient service as well as a level of privacy and recognition. The Barclays Offsho re Banking Unit, the first of its kind in Ghana and indeed Africa South of the Sahara, continues to offer world class banking service to non-re typefacent private clients and corporate. Industries financed by Barclays include cocoa, the backbone of the countrys economy timber gold and other minerals as well as business in the manufacturing sector and commerce. The banks sustainability programme focuses on three pillars. Banking for brighter futures Looking after local communities and Charity begins at work. Barclays uses these key pillars to support developmental projects across Ghana. More than 80% of staff are involved in voluntary community programmes annually. Dubbed Make a Difference Day, it is the biggest corporate voluntary activity in Ghana. Barclays Bank of Ghana Limited is part of the Barclays Africa Group comprising ten (10) African markets under Barclays PLC(http//www.barclays.com/africa/ghana/barclays_in.htm)1.3 RATIONALE OF THE STUDYIn recent years, there has been a pa radigm shift from transaction focused policies to customer relationship focused policies. This is because the fundamental task of business is to create and keep a customer in a sustainable way and at an acceptable return to a shareholder. Levitt, Marketing Myopia. Majority of industries all over the business world have made varying efforts to go along with this shift in order to be able to retain the largest customer base possible. just about have managed it luckyly whiles others are still woefully behind, and as such unable to break even. This dissertation is therefore aimed at examining the impact of CRM on customer attrition and also uncovers most detach methods of application. As a matter of fact it has become necessary to pursue this field as query to tramp efforts of industries in their bid to uphold CRM in their business operations in order to retain and grow their customer base. An in depth knowledge of CRM and its appropriate use reveals that it reduces attrition. the refrom the aim of this search work is to critically investigate the strategies of CRM and how it can be used to boost customer retention. The outcome of this research resulting establish CRM as the lifeline to any industry and hopefully get firms to adopt to it and grow their business.1.4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMBased on previous study, it has been launch that bad CRM practise can be very damaging for any business. A recently released Harris Interactive study confirms that a bad customer service dumbfound with your company is enough to make a majority of consumers run for the hills. The study report that 80% of 2,049 US adults surveyed decided never to go back to a business/organization after a bad customer service experience. The study clearly indicates that an organizations customer service level is a be factor that testament make or break a company (www.crm2day.com/library/50483.php). Thus it is no doubt CRM is one of the main factors contributing to the rise or fall of an industry.CHAPTER TWO2.0 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe purpose of this research work is toUnderstand clearly the concept of CRMProvide reasons wherefore industries need to invest in CRMExplore the extent to which industries focus on CRMEstablish the merits and de-merits of CRMSuggest the methods of application of CRM2.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONAs a follow up to the aims and objectives of this research, certain questions will be examined using the findings and suggestions of some experts in this field as background. Jankowicz (2000) advocates strongly that knowledge does not exist in a vacuum, thus the present research only has value in relation to the work already done by other people. With the above as a basis, this research work will aim at finding answers to the questions belowA definite description of Customer Relationship Management( CRM)How does CRM boost business success?What are the various slipway of CRM application?Is CRM a field to invest in at all?How important are cust omers to any industry?Why do banks need CRM?2.2 importee OF THE STUDYWith recent developments in the concept of CRM and its impact on business industries Huber et al.(2001) state that many marketing strategists and industrial-organization (IO) economists emphasize that creation of superior customer value is a key element for ensuring companies success it has become crucial to re-examine by research work the whole area of CRM establishing its importance and highlighting reasons why industries need to give more focus to this area. The results of the research will significantly achieve the future(a)Contribute to the knowledge providing good understanding of the key factors in CRMEstablish CRM as a field to be invested inAssist industries that want to adapt CRM strategicallyConstitute a useful addition to work already done in the fieldProvide a basis for further research2.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYThis research will be throttle to the banking industry with specific focus o n Barclays Bank. It would have been profitable to include other service industries but this will not be possible considering the full(a) nature of CRM and the costs and time constraints which relates to the time frame within which this results needs to be submitted.CHAPTER THREE3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW3.1 INTRODUCTIONCustomer relationship heed (CRM) is bringing together of people, processes, and technology seeking to provide understanding of customer needs, to support a business strategy, and to build long-term relationships with customers. Successful usage of the combine technology requires appropriate business processes and organizational culture to adequately address human behavioural elements. Because it is not simply a technology solution, success in CRM business is largely dependent on people. Customer relationship management (CRM) is a combination of people, processes, and technology (Chen and Popovich, 2003) that seeks to provide understanding of customer needs (Stringfellow et al., 2004), to support a business strategy (Ling and Yen, 2001 Bull,2003), and to build long-term relationships with customers (Wayland and Cole, 1997). Although enabled by information systems, CRM is not a technology solution (Rigby et al., 2002 Chen and Popovich, 2003). The core processes are handled by people and requires clear understanding of the goals of key decisions and system-people interactions. To appreciate the concept of CRM an growing of it needs to be highlighted.3.2 EVOLUTION OF CRMFrom the 1980s to the 2000s the research of CRM have progressed tremendously (Ling and Yen, 2001 Goldenberg, 2006). The evolution of CRM started from target marketing (Prabhaker, 2001) and sales force automation (West, 2001) to relationship marketing (Gronroos, 1994) and has increased the demand for customer information management. However, as the scope of CRM grew, comprehensive speech pattern on technology has become the focus. At the same time, the increased interest in CRM techno logy management has downplayed the importance of people issues, which are intimately accountable for successful CRM implementations (Goldenberg, 2006). New forms of competition and structural modifications of exchange processes have led to the emergence of the relationship paradigm for creating long-term relationships among customers and suppliers. This is partly due to the globalisation of business, internationalisation, deregulation, information technology advances, shorter product life cycles, and the evolving recognition of the relationship between customer retention and profitability (Morgan and Hunt, 1994 Zineldin and Jonsson, 2000 Chandra and Kumar, 2000 Sahay, 2003 Stefanou et al., 2003). Relationship paradigm refers to all activities directed towards establishing, developing and maintaining successful relational exchanges (Gronroos, 1990, 1995, 1996, 1997 Gummesson, 1994 Morgan and Hunt, 1994, cited in Donaldson and OToole, 2002 Sahay, 2003). Through out the 1990s, in many organisations strategies, there was a shift from the need to manage transactions toward relationship management (Light, 2003). While enterprise resource planning (ERP) packages dominated the transaction management era, customer relationship management (CRM) packages lead with respect to relationships. The relationship between marketing strategies and performance has been studied from numerous theoretical perspectives, for example, transaction cost economics (Williamson, 1985, 1993 Park and Kim, 2003), market orientation (Jaworski and Kohli, 1993 Harris and Piercy, 1999 Martin and Bush, 2003 Nielsen et al., 2003 Stefanou et al., 2003 Shapiro et al., 2003 Bigne et al., 2004), and profit impact of marketing strategy (Kumar et al., 2000). The focus on the content of marketing strategies has been valuable in separateing performance-enhancing strategies (Goodhue et al., 2002 Plakoyiannaki and Tzokas, 2002 Chen and Popovich, 2003). While the concepts presented and discussed in the above perspectives are clearly valuable and have clear meaning, they also bounce a lack of accurate operating elements. Efforts made in this counselor have failed to provide the concepts with sufficiently accurate and indicative operating elements (Grisi and Ribeiro, 2004). It is our view that one-time(prenominal) attempts of extant literature on implementation of customer relationship strategies have been insufficient and not gone far enough in the transition from the old to the new. According to Narayandas and Rangan (2004), empirical research in relationship management has tended to take a snapshot of a relationship at a given time and then attempted to project its trajectory (Croteau and Li, 2003). This gap has prompted researchers such as Anderson (1995), Jap and Ganesan (2000) and Lambe et al. (2001) to call for more field-based research based on case studies that move out on material from the multiple exchange episodes that constitute relationships and that offer insights into the processes of relationship initiation and maintenance (Narayandas and Rangan, 2004). Work on implementation of CRM strategy has focused on informationbase management, direct marketing techniques, e-commerce and customer relationship mechanisms (Ling and Yen, 2001 Winer, 2001 Shoemaker, 2001 Gefen and Ridings, 2002 Fjermestad and Romano, 2003 Apostolou and Mentas, 2003 Croteau and Li, 2003 Bull, 2003 Park and Kim, 2003 Chen and Popovich, 2003 Kotorov, 2003 Scullin et al., 2004). This has been most noticeable in business to consumer markets, and in services and financial services in particular. Donaldson and OToole (2002), indicated that though not all, many schemes are little more than sophisticated selling. According to Hertz and Vilgon (2002), many CRM implementation projects are fraught with difficulties in terms of technically not delivering the anticipated business welfares. Hertz and Vilgon (2002) indicate that up to 60 per cent of CRM implementation projects fail to live u p to expectations. The study reported in this paper aims to contribute to the existing literature on the relationship marketing paradigm and the implementation of customer relationship strategy by examining twain of these issues. This is accomplished by providing a better understanding of the components of CRM on the one hand, and the implementation of CRM strategy on the other. CRM systems have been used for a long time to automate processes (Ngai, 2005). However, the system process cannot manage customer relations (Rigby et al., 2002 Chen and Popovich, 2003) because customer knowledge needs to be comprehended by business managers (Bueren et al., 2005), the face-to-face communication needs to be performed by front-line operators (Stringfellow et al., 2004), and a customer-centric culture needs to be formed by organization architects (Oldroyd, 2005). Although critical to the firm and dynamic in nature, the human side of CRM processes has gained little attention in CRM studies. Ind eed, superior value of products/services delivered to customers leads to customer loyalty, the real driver of financial performance (see Reichheld et al., 2000 Heskett et al., 1997 Reichheld, 1994). Reichheld and Sasser (1990) show that, on average, a five percentage points increase in customer retention leads to between 40-50 percent increases in net present value profits. A a few(prenominal) years later, Reichheld (1994) reports that a decrease in defection rate (or an increase in retention rate) of five percentage points can increase profits by 25-100 percent and that this result is consistent across a wide array of industries. Satisfaction is a state of mind and it is only important as an property of the intention of the most important behavior of repeat purchase, favorable word-of-mouth, and referrals. Reichheld (1994) states that customers who describe themselves as satisfied are not necessarily loyal. A cost benefit compendium reveals that huge resource allocation to CRM b y businesses world-wide (estimated at $100 billion to date at the time of writing, see www.CRM-forum.com) has been primarily IT driven, not marketing driven. While CRM is meant to be about enabling a customer orientation, often it is not marketers pulling the strings The serious question for the marketing profession is whether to serve to the challenges raised by new technology. The authors are not suggesting that one size fits all. The assertion by OMalley and Mitussis (2002), that where the ethos of relationship marketing does not exist in an organisation, it may be prudent for marketers to limit their CRM ambitions to advanced database marketing, is very sensible. But the disruption of new technology gives marketers, at the very least, opportunities to improve their internal influence. Many respondents in this research doubted whether CRM can control attrition rate in the business industry. My hypothesis suggests that CRM powered by technology and human involvement can control a ttrition rate in the business industry specifically banking where fierce competition is fuelling switching from bank to bank by customer. Are switching costs too low to dissuade clients from staying loyal to a particular bank?CHAPTER FOUR4.0 METHODOLOGYThe research seeks to explore the topic through the use of qualitative data. The choice of methodology will give the researcher an in-depth view, Easterby-Smith et al (2002), (Deshpande, 1983) on the extent to which CRM could go to control the attrition rate in the banking industry. This section extensively considers the research methods, tools and techniques available to achieve the aims and objectives and also to justify the use of the research method that will be employed in this study. Jankowicz (1995) describes methodology as the analysis of and justification for the part method(s) used in undertaking research. Furthermore, methodology seeks to explain the research procedure adopted by a researcher and should consist of the follo wing research design, data collection methods, sampling, field work, analysis and interpretation of data (Boyd, 1981). As asserted by Oppenhein (1992) for every social research there is the need to examine appropriate methodologies necessary for conducting a particular study. As further stated by Oppenhein (1992) it is often seen that as research takes shape the aims of the research undergoes a number of subtle changes as a consequence of greater clarity in thinking, such changes may require a new or better design, which in turn will lead to a better specification for the instruments of measurement. Sources of data are the carriers of information and basically there are two sources of data- primary(a) and warrantary (Ghauri et al., 1995). Saunders et al, (2003) identified a third source as tertiary. However, it must be emphasised that while tertiary and secondary sources of data form the basis of the literature review, primary data sources are linked to the empirical research. As suggested by Kinnear and Taylor (1996), when research objectives include identifying problems or spotting potential opportunities, the use of exploratory research is the most suitable method. Easterby-Smith et al. (2002) argue that the knowledge of different research traditions enables one to adapt a research design to cater for constraints. A qualitative research approach is used because it is a valuable means of finding out what happened to seek new insights to ask questions and assess phenomena in a new light (Robson, 2002). It great advantage is that it is flexible and adaptable to change, as in conducting exploratory research the researcher must be willing to change direction as a result of new data that appears and new insights that occur to the researcher (Saunders et al., 2003). As further reinforced by Adam and Schvaneveldt (1991) flexibility is intact in exploratory research which does not mean there is no sense of direction to the enquiry but rather that the focus is ini tially broad and becomes progressively narrower as the research progresses. However, qualitative biases can also occur and result in inaccurate measurement and findings.4.1 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION/ bloodlineBoth primary and secondary data will be used in this research. The primary data will be obtained from the semi-structured telephone interviews with some Barclays customers in Ghana. A semi-structured interview is suggested so as to obtain relevant information through the use of open-ended questions thus encouraging the interviewee to emphasize his/her point of interest (Easterby-Smith et al., 2002 Healey, 1991 Jankowicz, 2000). Individual in-depth interviews are deployed to provide the anonymity essential in allowing sensitive internal material to be revealed. It is also the most practical way of acquire participation from busy Barclays customers. The interviews were semi-structured with a topic guide to provide some structure and consistency to the interviews, as advocated b y a number of researchers (Miles and Huberman, 1989). The secondary data will be obtained from the companys website, published materials such as, academic journals, newspaper articles, search engines and books. Ghauri et al, (1995) says it all that the purpose of secondary data is to frame the problem under scrutiny, identify relevant concepts, methods and techniques and facts to position the research.4.2 SAMPLE FRAME AND STRATEGYThere will be example size determination on the data collected. A total of 100 Barclays Bank customers will be interviewed. Also, due to time and budget constraints involved with the research, the sample would be a convenient size. Indeed. The interviews will be write down and analyzed with the use of a simple median. Thus the software Microsoft Excel will be used to calculate the percentage and numbers to clarify the data. It is worth emphasizing that due to the small size of the study, a deviance may appear in the result.CHAPTER FIVE5.0 DATA ANALYSIS AN D SAMPLING PROBLEMSAs utter above, there are limitations associated with the data collection through the means of semi-structured interviews. It is necessary to consider data quality issues such as reliability, bias, validity and generalizability which are seen as important to any qualitative research. According to Easterby-Smith et al. (2002) reliability in qualitative research is concerned with the probability of whether another researcher who has the same research will come up with similar information and findings. According to the authors (pp 53) reliable research tries to find answers to three questions. The first is will the measure yield the same results on other occasions? Secondly will similar observations be reached by other observers? Thirdly is there transparency in how the raw data will be analyzed? Thus for this study the researcher believes that reliability will be dealt with as previous research has been carried out on the small business sector which the researcher will be making use of including some materials through secondary data. Also, with the use of qualitative, non-standardised research, the result of the study implies that findings are not intend to be repeatable, as they reflect the reality at the time of collecting the data, which might be subject to change (Marshall and Rossman, 1999).In addition, bias on the side of the interviewee or interviewer can also affect the quality of the research hence it should be noted that being aware(predicate) of this, the researcher will ensure in the design of the interview questionnaire and also in terms of asking the right questions to get the required answers in line with the aims and objectives of the research. The researcher at all propagation Endeavour not to use any verbal or non-verbal behaviour that could affect the quality of the interview. Also a lot of readings will be undertaken in terms of text books, as well as obtaining guidelines from a professional interviewer and through pract ice. According to Saunders et al. (2003) validity is concerned with whether the results are what they appear to be. Oppenheim (1992) also notes that sample accuracy is more important than its size, in that there is a compromise between the theoretical sampling size and practical limitations such as time and costs. In terms of validity the researcher deems this to be high as the method used, that is, the in-depth interview will give the researcher a hands-on experience and the ability to see the reactions of the respondents through their interactions. The last issue will be the generalizability which according to Saunders et al., (2003) is the situation whereby findings of a research are applicable to other research settings.5.1 ETHICAL ISSUES / CONSIDERATIONEthical issues occur when undertaking any kind of research and these have to be taken into consideration. Research ethical motive refer to the acceptability of a researchers behaviour towards the rights of subjects of research. T o ensure this, researchers behaviour is guided by the code of ethics appropriate to academics and the profession or association of the researcher (Saunders et. at, 2003). The goal of ethics in research is to ensure that no one is harmed or suffers adverse consequences from research activities (Cooper and Schindler, 2003). According to Easterby-Smith et al. (2002) the ability to explore data or to seek rendering through qualitative methods will require a greater scope for ethical issues. This is particularly important when the data collected during interviews for example concerns sensible subjects or private stories, etc (Denzin and Lincoln, 1998). This issue is relevant in this research, as Barclays Bank customers will be asked about their finances and other private issues regarding possible attrition. The researcher however, is aware that when it comes to issues about finance, people are reluctant to give information. Hence the researcher will take the necessary action to avoid an y such issues. Thus this research will consider the anonymity and privacy of respondents and accordingly would be based on the consent of respondents who will be provided with a cover letter, informing them of the purpose of the research and also providing assurance of the confidentiality of information given. Also, the name of the researcher as well as the University will be given in order to avoid any ambiguity. As a result, the researcher will be conversant with ethical considerations and both the researcher and respondents will be protected.5.2 RESEARCH conviction TABLE2010-2011SEPTOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYIdentification of research area1ST 4thFormulation of research questions6thFormulation of research strategy,9thresearch design and selection15thmethodsWriting of the research proposal20rdNegotiation of access26thLiterature review29th5thtwenty-seventhData collection8th24thData analysis28th19thWriting the first draft2nd15thWriting the second draft20th2ndWriting the final draft15 thDissertation due date30thBIBLIOGRAPHYRafaeli, A. and Sutton, R., (1987) Expression of Emotion as realm of the Work Role, Academy of Management Review, pp. 23-37

Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) Instrumentation

Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) InstrumentationTHERMOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS (TMA)Aisyah Radhiah Binti AhmadINSTRUMENTATION OF TMA1.1 The InstrumentationFigure 1 The simple schematic diagram of TMA 1.The take in tube that is dictated in the center of the furnace is used to control the temperature and atmosphere. The examine temperature is measured with a thermocouple that is located near the taste. The ara around the sample can ordinarily be both heated and cooled to encumber the heat-rise problem and the sample temperature (sensed by a thermocouple) has to be directed to programmer control.The sample platform and the look into are made from a material such as quartz. Quartz is chosen as it has a first-class honours degree, reproducible, accurately known coefficient of thermal expansion and also it has low thermal conductivity to isolate the LVDT from the temperature permutes in the furnace. The probes can also be made from alumina and metals depending on the temperature range and the measurement purpose 2.The heavy low-spirited probe measures the position of the sample surface with a linearly variable contraryial transformer, LVDT. The floating suspension act as a balance for the ramification arrangement, combined with added weights at the top, allowing the probe weight to be counterbalanced that can be used to control the extract on the sample 3.A sanctify gas is used during the TMA measurements. Its purpose is to ensure continuous laminar gas flow to prevent the formation of air turbulence as the temperature is being change magnitude and to prevent deposition of degradation products inside the various parts of the means. The purge gas is also used to increase heat transfer to the sample and to prevent oxidation in high temperature measurements. Helium is chosen for this purpose because of it has a high thermal conductivity 4.Figure 2 The TMA Instrument 5.1.2 Operating the TMAThe instrument is warmed up before putting the sample. The sample is pr epared by according to the modes used. For example, the sample should be flat for compression modes to make sure the sample is in a good contact with the probe. The sample is put into the furnace and the probe touched the sample. The probe is integrated into an inductive position sensor. For temperature measurement of the sample, the thermocouple is placed near the sample.The system is heated at a slow rate. If the specimen expands or contracts, the probe will be moved. By applying the force on the sample from the Force Generator by the probe, the sample temperature is changed in the furnace. The sample deformation such as Thermal Expansion and Softening with changing temperature is measured as the probe displacement by the Length Detector. Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) is used for Length Detection sensor. The measurement consists then of a record of force and length versus temperature 6.1.3 Calibration of the instrumentThe calibration of the instrument needs to b e done before using the TMA. A standard calibration is needed and should be done at the same heating rate as is used in the sample experiment. The calibration sample that is used should be in the burdensomeness range span of the sample. The TMA instrument must be calibrated in height force, eigen-deformation, temperature, and expansion. The calibration of the instrument need to be done to reduce the different between measures values of the parameters with their true values 4.1.4 Modes of operationThe measurement can be carried out in various modes of sample configuration.Figure 3 TMA probe types (left-right) compression, penetration, tension, volumetric 7.Compression probe is used for applying low load for a wide area of sample for thermal expansion measurements (thermodilatometry). For the penetration probe, it is used for the sample that applies a high load under a small area of sample for the purpose of amount softening temperatures. This technique can measure the transitions o f a material as thin as 10 microns.Tension probe used for the measurement of the thermal expansion and the thermal shrinkage of the sample for measuring non-self supporting specimens. It is used for the samples like thin films and fibres under tension 7.Volumetric probe used for measuring the thermal volumetric expansion of irregularly determine sample surrounded by an inert packing material (alumina powder or silicone oil). The glass dilatometers are used in this technique where the change in the level of a liquid is observed. By dipping the sample in the silicone oil or alumina powder, the expansion of the sample is recorded as a vertical movement by the TMA. The probe for this technique usually has a small surface area to cover the sample 8.Figure 4 volumetric probe 8.ReferencesMenard, K. P. (2008). self-propelling mechanical analysis a practical introduction. CRC press.Menczel, J. D., Prime, R. B. (2009). Thermal analysis of polymers, fundamentals and applications. John Wiley Sons.Brown, M. E., Gallagher, P. K. (1998). Handbook of thermal analysis and calorimetry Principles and figure (Vol. 1). Elsevier.Wunderlich, B. (2005). Basics of thermal analysis. Thermal Analysis of polymeric Materials.1.Introduction to Thermomechanical Analysis. Available from http//www.anasys.co.uk/library/tma1.htm.2.Brown, M.E. and P.K. Gallagher, Handbook of thermal analysis and calorimetry Principles and Practice. Vol. 1. 1998 Elsevier.3.Wunderlich, B., Basics of thermal analysis. Thermal Analysis of polymeric Materials, 2005.4.Menczel, J.D. and R.B. Prime, Thermal analysis of polymers, fundamentals and applications. 2009 John Wiley Sons.5.TMA analyzer / thermomechanical. Available from http//www.directindustry.com/prod/linseis-thermal-analysis/tma-analyzers-thermomechanical-30771-406852.html.6.Description of TMA. Available from http//www.hitachi-hitec-science.com/en/products/thermal/tec_descriptions/tma.html.7.Haines, P.J., Principles of thermal analysis and calorimetry . Vol. 30. 2002 Royal company of chemistry.8.Menard, K.P., Dynamic mechanical analysis a practical introduction. 2008 CRC press.ReferencesIntroduction to Thermomechanical Analysis. from http//www.anasys.co.uk/library/tma1.htmBrown, Michael E, Gallagher, Patrick K. (1998). Handbook of thermal analysis and calorimetry Principles and Practice (Vol. 1) Elsevier.Wunderlich, Bernhard. (2005). Basics of thermal analysis. Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials.Menczel, Joseph D, Prime, R Bruce. (2009). Thermal analysis of polymers, fundamentals and applications John Wiley Sons.TMA analyzer / thermomechanical. from http//www.directindustry.com/prod/linseis-thermal-analysis/tma-analyzers-thermomechanical-30771-406852.htmlDescription of TMA. from http//www.hitachi-hitec-science.com/en/products/thermal/tec_descriptions/tma.htmlHaines, Peter J. (2002). Principles of thermal analysis and calorimetry (Vol. 30) Royal society of chemistry.Menard, Kevin P. (2008). Dynamic mechanical analysis a p ractical introduction CRC press.

Pittsburgh Steelers Essay -- essays research papers

The Pittsburgh SteelersDo you like professional football? Have you ever wondered where teams originate from? Or what teams have been about the longest? The Pittsburgh Steelers are a professional team that has an extensive history. There are also umpteen unique details about them that other NFL teams do not have. There creator was a great man who started the team from practically nothing, their name and logo represent great tradition, and lastly, they have won many championships.The Pittsburgh Steelers were founded in July of 1993. The contract was purchased for only $2500.00 by Arthur Joseph Rooney. Art Rooney was an exceptional all-around athlete who also had a Bachelors degree in Accounting. In 1964, Rooney was inducted into the Pro football Hall of Fame for his strenuous growth of the NFL and the Steelers. In 1988, at the age of 87, Rooney died of a stroke. He was the ruler of the Steelers for almost 55 years. Dan Rooney, his son, was handed the responsibility of being certify president.Did you know the Steelers havent always been called the Steelers? When Arthur Rooney purchased the team he named them the Pittsburgh Pirates. He got this name from the Pittsburgh National League Baseball Team. But in 1940, the Pirates became the Steelers, in recount to generate more fan support. This name came from the citys primary source of employment. This was an honor for the Steelers, being able to represent Pittsburgh steel heritage.Team boy are essential as well. The Steeler...

Ellis Island :: essays research papers fc

Ellis IslandIn the 1600s, Ellis Island was known as Gull Island by the Mohegan tribe and was simply deuce to three acres. During high tide, the island could barely have been seen above the uprising waters. After being discovered for its rich oyster beds in 1628, Dutch settlers renamed it Oyster Island. And then in 1765, which was the hanging of Anderson the Pirate, the island was again renamed the Gibbet Island, after the pawn used to hang him. Finally on January 20, 1785, Samuel Ellis purchased the property and gave it his name, which is still the name of the island today, Ellis IslandAfter passing through a few generations of Elliss descendents, the island was bought by the state of immature York, and then sold to the federal government in 1808 for ten thousand dollars. During the years of 1812 to 1814, the United States Army erected Fort Gibson, which was eventually taken apart by the government in 1861. In 1876, the United States Navy used Ellis Island as a weapons warehouse, storing 260,000 pounds of powder. However, complaints from nearby New Jersey residents lead to the removal of the storage sphere of influence in 1890.The original station, Castle Garden at the Battery in lower Manhattan, could not handle all of the immigrants coming in. To have room for the immigrants, the island grew to 3.3 acres. In the next two years, Ellis was enlarged to fourteen acres in order to hold all of the immigrants and support buildings. By January 1, 1892, Elliss first immigration station, a two story high structure of Georgia pine, was open ready for businessThe most impressive room in the building was the registry room. It measured cc feet by 100 feet, and had an impressive fifty-six foot arched ceiling. Twelve narrow aisles, divided by iron bars, channeled new arrivals to be examined by doctors at the front of the room. The officials who worked at the island, however, were not impressed by the architecture. In fact, they constantly complained of leaky roofs, and other problems within the building.After long and heated arguments between experts, it was persistent that the Superintendent of Construction was extremely inexperienced, and that there was "recklessness in the handling of public money," on the part of the Treasury Department and the Immigration Bureau of Officials. The consummate building, excluding the hospitals, had been built shoddily. After news of the problems with the building had been in the media, a lot of people involved with the construction of the building resigned their positions.